Chameleon colours ‘switched by crystals’:
Swiss researchers have discovered how chameleons accomplish their vivid colour changes: they rearrange the crystals inside specialised skin cells.
It was previously suggested that the reptiles’ famous ability came from gathering or dispersing coloured pigments inside different cells. But the new results put it down to a “selective mirror” made of crystals. They also reveal a second layer of the cells that reflect near-infrared light and might help the animals keep cool. Reptiles make colours in two ways: they have cells full of pigment for warm or dark colours, but brighter blues and whites come from light bouncing off physical elements like these crystals: so-called “structural colours”. These colours can also be mixed. A vibrant green might arise from a structural blue overlaid by yellow pigment.
The solar eclipse of December 22, 1870. Observed from Syracuse, Sicily, by Captain G. I. Tupman, R.M.A.
Thanks so much for your questions. Do not forget the Syrian people. Or all the others that are oppressed. Stay engaged. Your voices matter. Your actions matter. Raise awareness. Raise funds. Raise your knowledge level. Beware of false prophets. Do what you can, when you can, with whatever you can. Stay woke. Be true. -Adnan Zulfiqar
that new theme feel (@themecloset the babes)
Talent 2030 hosts an annual competition for girls aged 11-18 in the UK to involve themselves in the future of engineering. This year I entered with an essay on the use of engineering to cure cancer, and thought I’d provide the article links I used for research. It’s actually a really interesting topic to delve into if you’re curious
http://www.popsci.com/fda-approves-first-drug-that-treats-cancer-with-an-engineered-virus
http://fusion.net/story/155183/herpes-fights-cancer-virotherapy-measles-smallpox-cure-cancer/
https://www.standup2cancer.org/dream_teams/view/bioengineering_and_clinical_applications_of_circulating_tumor_cell_chip
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-chip-against-cancer/
Why are people so surprised north korea was able to build a weapon of that range. That's literally their main point of funding. Maybe if the USA and Europe stopped underestimating other countries out of their own supremacist values, we wouldn't be in this position
A new study published in PLOS Medicine’s Special Issue on Dementia has found that the metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids in the brain are associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which causes impaired memory, executive function and language. It accounts for 60 - 80% of total dementia cases worldwide, with over 46 million people suffering from the disease worldwide. The number of patients is estimated to rise to 131.5 million by 2050.
Currently it is thought that the main reason for developing memory problems in dementia is the presence of two big molecules in the brain called tau and amyloid proteins. These proteins have been extensively studied and have been shown to start accumulating in the brain up to 20 years prior to the onset of the disease. However, there is limited information on how small molecule metabolism in the brain is associated with the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
In this study, researchers from King’s College London and the National Institute on Aging in the United States looked at brain tissue samples from 43 people ranging in age from 57 to 95 years old. They compared the differences in hundreds of small molecules in three groups: 14 people with healthy brains, 15 that had high levels of tau and amyloid but didn’t show memory problems and 14 clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients.
They also looked at three different areas in the brain, one that usually shows little tau and amyloid, one that shows more tau and another that shows more amyloid. The main molecules that were different were six small fats, including omegas, which changed in abundance in different regions of the brain.
They found that unsaturated fatty acids were significantly decreased in Alzheimer’s brains when compared to brains from healthy patients.
Co-lead author of the study, Dr Cristina Legido Quigley from King’s College London said: “While this was a small study, our results show a potentially crucial and unexpected role for fats in the onset of dementia. Most surprisingly we found that a supposedly beneficial omega3, DHA, actually increased with the progression of the disease.
“It is now important for us to build on and replicate these findings in a larger study and see whether it corroborates our initial findings.”
'We're a grey area in a world that doesn't like grey areas'
48 posts