Black-Hole Powered Jets Forge Fuel For Star Formation

Black-Hole Powered Jets Forge Fuel for Star Formation

Astronomers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have discovered a surprising connection between a supermassive black hole and the galaxy where it resides. 

Black-Hole Powered Jets Forge Fuel For Star Formation

Powerful radio jets from the black hole – which normally suppress star formation – are stimulating the production of cold gas in the galaxy’s extended halo of hot gas. This newly identified supply of cold, dense gas could eventually fuel future star birth as well as feed the black hole itself.

Black-Hole Powered Jets Forge Fuel For Star Formation

The researchers used ALMA to study a galaxy at the heart of the Phoenix Cluster, an uncommonly crowded collection of galaxies about 5.7 billion light-years from Earth.

The central galaxy in this cluster harbors a supermassive black hole that is in the process of devouring star-forming gas, which fuels a pair of powerful jets that erupt from the black hole in opposite directions into intergalactic space. Astronomers refer to this type of black-hole powered system as an active galactic nucleus (AGN).

Read more ~ AlmaObservatory.org

Video: Video explaining the complex relationship between a supermassive black hole and its host galaxy.     Credit: NRAO/AUI/NSF; ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); Animations: NASA/GSFC/CI Lab, ESO; Science Images: NASA/ESA Hubble; Chandra X-Ray Observatory/NASA/MIT, M. McDonald; Music, Comfortable Mystery 4 - Film Noire by Kevin MacLeod

Images: Left: Composite image showing how powerful radio jets from the supermassive black hole at the center of a galaxy in the Phoenix Cluster inflated huge “bubbles” in the hot, ionized gas surrounding the galaxy (the cavities inside the blue region imaged by NASA’s Chandra X-ray observatory). Hugging the outside of these bubbles, ALMA discovered an unexpected trove of cold gas, the fuel for star formation (red). The background image is from the Hubble Space Telescope.     Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) H.Russell, et al.; NASA/ESA Hubble; NASA/CXC/MIT/M.McDonald et al.; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF) Right: ALMA image of cold molecular gas at the heart of the Phoenix Cluster. The filaments extending from the center hug enormous radio bubbles created by jets from a supermassive black hole. This discovery sheds light on the complex relationship between a supermassive black hole and its host galaxy.     Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), H. Russell et al.; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF) Bottom: Artist impression of galaxy at the center of the Phoenix Cluster. Powerful radio jets from the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy are creating giant radio bubbles (blue) in the ionized gas surrounding the galaxy. ALMA has detected cold molecular gas (red) hugging the outside of the bubbles. This material could eventually fall into the galaxy where it could fuel future star birth and feed the supermassive black hole.     Credit: B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)

More Posts from Matthewjopdyke and Others

6 years ago
Https://www.amazon.com/author/matthewopdyke -- Link On Author Page, @matthewopdyke Now, Together, Part

https://www.amazon.com/author/matthewopdyke -- Link on Author Page, @matthewopdyke Now, together, Part 1, Vesha Celeste, and Part 2, Eliza Williams, have been paired together, and are available for those interested in the types of science, the directions of science, and the speculation that leads to well-being and quality of life, feel free to follow, message, and share ideas, and be a part of a positive future where, if we so choose, we can navigate the stars. This is just the beginning of this series and prequel, “Pathway to the Stars,” to a giant series, “Further than Before!” Please enjoy. https://www.amazon.com/author/matthewopdyke #sciencefiction #scifi #sciencefictionfantasy #scififantasy #politicalscifi #politicalsciencefiction #strongfemalelead #utopian #utopianscifi #technologyidealism #neuroscience #nanotech #nanotechnology #physics #theoreticalphysics #problemresolution #apoliticalscifi #biology #CRISPR #stemcellresearch #geneticmodification #spacemining #spaceforce #spacecraft #longevity #longevitysciences #longevityscifi #superheroes #healingnotharming #moonbase #techcities #advancedtechnology #neurologicaloptimizations #physiologicaloptimizations #neurology #physiology #humanitarianism #problemsolving #healthyenvironment #healthyemotionalenvironment #healthyphysicalenvironment #healthyearth #helpmothernature #givemothernaturearest #evolvingourselves #desiredresultsvsmixed #controlledchaos #balanceinlife #sportsindifferentgravityzones #advancedcivilization #evolutionofmind #evolutionofbody #preservetheearth #preservethesolarsystem #solarsystem #oortcloud #asteroids #asteroidmining #astrobiology #astrophysics #astronauts #bigdata #medicaladvancements #progeria #hutchisonguilfordprogeriasyndrome #cancercures #curesforcancer #diabetescures #curesfordiabetes #heartdisease #curesforheartdisease #lungdisease #curesforlungdisease #genetherapies #geneticdatastudies #genedata #databasemoons #seismicactivity #naturaldisasters #nonpredation #preservationoflife #cleanmeats #advancedarchitecture #biopods #virtualuniverse #smartsuits #holowardrobe #moonbase #planetaryshields #inhabitingtheuninhabitable #matthewopdyke #furtherthanbefore #pathwa https://www.instagram.com/p/BpUMW6ZgB1I/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1m6wsy3eldq7e


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7 years ago
Thank You For Your Endless Curiosity Dr. Hawking.

Thank you for your endless curiosity Dr. Hawking.

6 years ago
I Am Pleased To Announce A NEW RELEASE To My Space Opera Series. It Is Now Available On Amazon In EBook

I am pleased to announce a NEW RELEASE to my Space Opera series. It is now available on Amazon in eBook and paperback formats! Pathway to the Stars: Part 6, Erin Carter Enjoy Erin’s beginning journey, in the sixth of a multi-story series, called Pathway to the Stars! "We can guide you, we can answer questions whenever you have them, but the greatest learning comes from freedom." ~ Eliza Williams, "Pathway to the Stars: Part 6, Erin Carter" #spaceopera #futurism #scifiauthor #sciencefiction #scififantasy #biotech #nanotech #neurotech #spacetravel #solarsystem #politicalscifi #strongfemalelead #entertain #educate https://www.instagram.com/p/BvXufGTg5Lb/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=i0paozefwqiv


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7 years ago

Meet Fermi: Our Eyes on the Gamma-Ray Sky

Black holes, cosmic rays, neutron stars and even new kinds of physics — for 10 years, data from our Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have helped unravel some of the biggest mysteries of the cosmos. And Fermi is far from finished!

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On June 11, 2008, at Cape Canaveral in Florida, the countdown started for Fermi, which was called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) at the time. 

The telescope was renamed after launch to honor Enrico Fermi, an Italian-American pioneer in high-energy physics who also helped develop the first nuclear reactor. 

Fermi has had many other things named after him, like Fermi’s Paradox, the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station, the Enrico Fermi Institute, and the synthetic element fermium.

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Photo courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory

The Fermi telescope measures some of the highest energy bursts of light in the universe; watching the sky to help scientists answer all sorts of questions about some of the most powerful objects in the universe. 

Its main instrument is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), which can view 20% of the sky at a time and makes a new image of the whole gamma-ray sky every three hours. Fermi’s other instrument is the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. It sees even more of the sky at lower energies and is designed to detect brief flashes of gamma-rays from the cosmos and Earth.

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This sky map below is from 2013 and shows all of the high energy gamma rays observed by the LAT during Fermi’s first five years in space.  The bright glowing band along the map’s center is our own Milky Way galaxy!

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So what are gamma rays? 

Well, they’re a form of light. But light with so much energy and with such short wavelengths that we can’t see them with the naked eye. Gamma rays require a ton of energy to produce — from things like subatomic particles (such as protons) smashing into each other. 

Here on Earth, you can get them in nuclear reactors and lightning strikes. Here’s a glimpse of the Seattle skyline if you could pop on a pair of gamma-ray goggles. That purple streak? That’s still the Milky Way, which is consistently the brightest source of gamma rays in our sky.

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In space, you find that kind of energy in places like black holes and neutron stars. The raindrop-looking animation below shows a big flare of gamma rays that Fermi spotted coming from something called a blazar, which is a kind of quasar, which is different from a pulsar… actually, let’s back this up a little bit.

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One of the sources of gamma rays that Fermi spots are pulsars. Pulsars are a kind of neutron star, which is a kind of star that used to be a lot bigger, but collapsed into something that’s smaller and a lot denser. Pulsars send out beams of gamma rays. But the thing about pulsars is that they rotate. 

So Fermi only sees a beam of gamma rays from a pulsar when it’s pointed towards Earth. Kind of like how you only periodically see the beam from a lighthouse. These flashes of light are very regular. You could almost set your watch by them!

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Quasars are supermassive black holes surrounded by disks of gas. As the gas falls into the black hole, it releases massive amount of energy, including — you guessed it — gamma rays. Blazars are quasars that send out beams of gamma rays and other forms of light — right in our direction. 

When Fermi sees them, it’s basically looking straight down this tunnel of light, almost all the way back to the black hole. This means we can learn about the kinds of conditions in that environment when the rays were emitted. Fermi has found about 5,500 individual sources of gamma rays, and the bulk of them have been blazars, which is pretty nifty.

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But gamma rays also have many other sources. We’ve seen them coming from supernovas where stars die and from star factories where stars are born. They’re created in lightning storms here on Earth, and our own Sun can toss them out in solar flares. 

Gamma rays were in the news last year because of something Fermi spotted at almost the same time as the National Science Foundation (NSF)’s Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and European Gravitational Observatory’s Virgo on August 17, 2017. Fermi, LIGO, Virgo, and numerous other observatories spotted the merger of two neutron stars. It was the first time that gravitational waves and light were confirmed to come from the same source.

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Fermi has been looking at the sky for almost 10 years now, and it’s helped scientists advance our understanding of the universe in many ways. And the longer it looks, the more we’ll learn. Discover more about how we’ll be celebrating Fermi’s achievements all year.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

7 years ago
💜 - Matthew Opdyke

💜 - Matthew Opdyke

5 years ago

Pathway to the Stars: Part 11, A New Day

"If we can love ourselves, we can then truly understand what it means to love others and be kind. There is potential that lies within you and everyone else. It is a potential that has always been meant to exist, to bring something greater to this reality of life."

~ Sky Taylor

This story is the eleventh of the Pathway to the Stars space opera series. Sky journeys with Erin Carter and Joanne Gallant, who are now Pathway's president and vice president. On their adventure, she shows them ways to heal the Earth as well as ourselves so we can promote a healthier form of longevity.

To Sky, there is much we can do to prevent future disasters, but sometimes solutions can involve something as simple as a nice walk. In this case, unfortunately, to help Joanne figure out a mystery weighing upon her.

Meanwhile, Eliza Williams and Yesha Alevtina work for the success of the Universal Party with efforts that will affect the United States, the World, and the mission to span the Cosmos!

LCCN: 2019919255

ISBN: 978-1-951321-15-4

eBook: https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B081XNYSL4

Paperback: https://smile.amazon.com/dp/1951321154

#ScienceFiction #Scifi #SpaceOpera #Fantasy #Author #MatthewJOpdyke #EarthFirst #Preservation #ConsiderationForAllLiving #Biology #Neuroscience #Biotechnology #AI #HBCI

7 years ago
Be Grateful For Our Amazing Planet, Earth, And Where We Are In This Grand Universe ☺ #oxygen #water

Be grateful for our amazing planet, Earth, and where we are in this grand Universe ☺ #oxygen #water #earth #universe #gratitude


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6 years ago

Well-explained, as always! 😊

How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?
How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?

How Far Could A Human Travel In A Constantly-Accelerating Rocket Ship?

“Imagine that we could constantly accelerate at the same rate as Earth’s gravitational pull, 9.8 m/s2, indefinitely. While you’d initially speed up, you’ll rapidly approach the speed of light. Owing to Einstein’s Special Relativity, time will dilate and lengths will contract. As you continue to accelerate, the distances and travel times to faraway destinations will plummet. At the halfway mark, simply reverse your thrust to accelerate in the opposite direction for the remaining journey. “

If you wanted to travel to a star that was 100 light-years away, you might think it would take you at least 100 years to get there. That might be true from the perspective of someone who remains on Earth, but for an astronaut who journeyed there at close to the speed of light, Einstein’s Special Relativity tells you that it would take far less than a century of travel. In fact, if you could accelerate at a constant rate, you could pretty much reach anywhere you wanted within 15 billion light-years of us within a human lifetime.

I even went and did the math for you here. Don’t be afraid to see how far a human could travel if we had the dream technology to get us there!

5 years ago

Pathway to the Stars: Part 2, Eliza Williams Audiobook Released!

Narrator Allison Taylor (Instagram: @alliptaylor) and Author Matthew J Opdyke have collaborated again following their previous release of the contemporary science fiction audiobook, Pathway to the Stars: Part 1, Vesha Celeste, and it is now available on Audible, Amazon, and iTunes.

In Pathway to the Stars: Part 2, Eliza Williams, Eliza and Yesha journey through their young lives together, sharing great ideas. “If we want to traverse the cosmos, we will need to be bringers of life, beauty inside and out, abundance, and have the ability to bridge understanding between multiple civilizations, so we can tackle even greater issues together.

"We need to understand how dark energy and dark matter work, find ways to slow down the expansion, or cause the Universe to breathe just enough to protect itself and all of life along with it. We need everyone willing."

Experience the early life of the scientific hero, Eliza Williams, and through her the beginning of a new era. Vesha Celeste continues her Virtual Universe training witnessing Eliza's life with experiential immersion, the added advantages of time-dilation, neural linking, tactile-reference, and more.

Engage yourself in the critical details, ups, and downs, leading to Eliza's transformation and the formation of her new organization. Eliza's first biopods for physiological and neurological optimizations will be among her primary vehicles driving advances and designs positively affecting human progress solar-system-wide. There is a lot for Vesha to learn, and through this, she will become phenomenal in intellect and abilities. Will Eliza be able to release everything right away? What measures will she take to protect humanity from her powerful tools if they were to get into the wrong hands?

#SpaceOpera #Scifi #Fantasy #Physics #Nueroscience #Biology #Biotech #Longevity #TheoreticalScience #Imagination #Sophistication #Audiobook #eBook #Paperback #ScifiAuthor

ASIN: B0833DH59X Audible: https://adbl.co/37aEYpf Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B0833DH59X

6 years ago

Pathway to the Stars: Part 6.1, Trilogy - For more information check out https://www.ftb-pathway-publications.com//product-page/pathway-to-the-stars-part-6-1-trilogy-paperback Announcing the Second Space Opera Trilogy! Enjoy the journey! #spaceopera #sciencefiction #scifibooks #spaceoperabooks #politicalscifi https://www.instagram.com/p/BvoAxVyAEpJ/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=87lp2ukuniko


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Matthew J. Opdyke

Author Matthew J. Opdyke, Science Fiction and Fantasy

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