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The relationship between David and Jonathan, as depicted in the Old Testament, is often interpreted as a powerful example of friendship, but some contemporary interpretations suggest a deeper, potentially romantic, connection, leading to the idea of them being gay or homosexual. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Here's a more detailed look: [2, 3, 5]
• Biblical Context: The story of David and Jonathan is found in the books of 1 and 2 Samuel, where they form a close bond and covenant, with Jonathan showing great affection and loyalty to David, even risking his own position to protect him. [2, 3, 5]
• Modern Interpretations: Some interpretations of the text, particularly in light of modern understanding of LGBTQ+ relationships, suggest that the depth of their connection could be interpreted as something beyond platonic friendship, leading to the idea of them being gay or homosexual. [1, 2, 3]
• Examples of Interpretation: [3]
• "David loved Jonathan more than women" (2 Samuel 1:26): This phrase is often cited as evidence of a strong, potentially romantic, connection between the two men. [3]
• Covenants and Rituals: The covenants and rituals they shared, such as Jonathan stripping off his robe and giving it to David, are seen by some as symbols of a deeper bond. [2, 3, 5]
• Biblical Scholars: Some biblical scholars, such as Susan Ackerman and Jean-Fabrice Nardelli, have argued that the narrators of the books of Samuel may have encrypted same-sex allusions in the text, suggesting a romantic relationship between David and Jonathan. [2]
• Counterarguments: Others argue that the relationship was simply a strong example of male bonding and loyalty, common in ancient cultures, and that it should not be interpreted as a romantic or sexual relationship. [1, 4]
• Contemporary LGBTQ+ Christians: Some contemporary LGBTQ+ Christians see David and Jonathan as positive examples of same-sex love and covenant, using their story to counter those who claim the Bible condemns homosexuality. [3]
• David's other relationships: The Hebrew scriptures also recount how David committed adultery with Bathsheba and later made her one of his eight wives, which is seen by some as evidence that David was not homosexual. [3]
• Jonathan's other relationships: Jonathan also had a wife, which is seen by some as evidence that Jonathan was not homosexual. [3]
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[1] https://blog.smu.edu/ot8317/2016/05/09/1-samuel-18-23-the-queerness-of-david-and-jonathan/[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_and_Jonathan[3] https://qspirit.net/david-jonathan-same-sex-love/[4] https://english.katholisch.de/artikel/51012-david-and-jonathan-on-men-and-their-relationships[5] https://wellwateredwomen.com/be-a-jonathan-a-new-perspective-on-friendship/
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Empire, Wyoming, was a pioneering African American settlement founded in 1908 near Torrington, Wyoming. The community was established by the Speese and Taylor families from Nebraska, who sought self-sufficiency and political autonomy during a time of widespread racial discrimination.
At its peak, Empire had a population of nearly 50 residents and notable institutions, including a post office, a Presbyterian church led by Reverend Russell Taylor, and a public school established in 1909. Sallie Thistle, a young teacher from Cheyenne, ensured the community’s children received an education. These achievements reflected the settlers’ determination to build a thriving and self-reliant town.
However, Empire faced significant challenges. The settlers practiced dryland farming, which left them vulnerable to recurring droughts. Racial tensions with neighboring communities also posed threats. A tragic turning point occurred in 1913 when Baseman Taylor, one of the settlers, died after reportedly being beaten while in custody. This event demoralized the community and led to its decline.
By the 1920s, many residents had left due to hardships, with some moving south for better opportunities and others returning to Nebraska. By 1930, Empire had effectively disappeared. Today, its legacy is commemorated by historical markers in Wyoming, serving as a testament to the resilience and determination of African American homesteaders who pursued freedom and autonomy in the face of adversity.
I asked Gemini how normal citizens can help the economy amid the horrible Trump tariff policy's.