Comet Leonard, Christmas Comet

this meme but its just horikashi

Bye Twitter! Hello, (again) Tumblr! I am back after years!

The Squire, Merion

Detecting new particles around black holes with gravitational waves

Clouds of ultralight particles can form around rotating black holes. A team of physicists from the University of Amsterdam and Harvard University now show that these clouds would leave a characteristic imprint on the gravitational waves emitted by binary black holes.

Black holes are generally thought to swallow all forms of matter and energy surrounding them. It has long been known, however, that they can also shed some of their mass through a process called superradiance. While this phenomenon is known to occur, it is only effective if new, so far unobserved particles with very low mass exist in nature, as predicted by several theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics.

Ionizing gravitational atoms When mass is extracted from a black hole via superradiance, it forms a large cloud around the black hole, creating a so-called gravitational atom. Despite the immensely larger size of a gravitational atom, the comparison with sub-microscopic atoms is accurate because of the similarity of the black hole plus its cloud with the familiar structure of ordinary atoms, where clouds of electrons surround a core of protons and neutrons.

In a publication that appeared in Physical Review Letters this week, a team consisting of UvA physicists Daniel Baumann, Gianfranco Bertone, and Giovanni Maria Tomaselli, and Harvard University physicist John Stout, suggest that the analogy between ordinary and gravitational atoms runs deeper than just the similarity in structure. They claim that the resemblance can in fact be exploited to discover new particles with upcoming gravitational wave interferometers.

In the new work, the researchers studied the gravitational equivalent of the so-called ‘photoelectric effect’. In this well-known process, which for example is exploited in solar cells to produce an electric current, ordinary electrons absorb the energy of incident particles of light and are thereby ejected from a material – the atoms ‘ionize’. In the gravitational analogue, when the gravitational atom is part of a binary system of two heavy objects, it gets perturbed by the presence of the massive companion, which could be a second black hole or a neutron star. Just as the electrons in the photoelectric effect absorb the energy of the incident light, the cloud of ultralight particles can absorb the orbital energy of the companion, so that some of the cloud gets ejected from the gravitational atom.

Finding new particles The team demonstrated that this process may dramatically alter the evolution of such binary systems, significantly reducing the time required for the components to merge with each other. Moreover, the ionization of the gravitational atom is enhanced at very specific distances between the binary black holes, which leads to sharp features in the gravitational waves that we detect from such mergers. Future gravitational wave interferometers – machines similar to the LIGO and Virgo detectors that over the past few years have shown us the first gravitational waves from black holes – could observe these effects. Finding the predicted features from gravitational atoms would provide distinctive evidence for the existence of new ultralight particles.

IMAGE…An atom in the sky. If new ultralight particles exist, black holes would be surrounded by a cloud of such particles that behaves surprisingly similar to the cloud of electrons in an atom. When another heavy object spirals in and eventually merges with the black hole, the gravitational atom gets ionized and emits particles just like electrons are emitted when light is shone onto a metal. CREDIT UvA Institute of Physics

Someone dropped a paper somewhere.

academia.edu

Can an AI gain consciousness?

In response to the allegations made by an AI engineer that a linguistic model exhibits sentience, both "authorities" and Google re

It is a field of knowledge proposed by me, defined as the study of nature in all its expressions, but from the point of view of alternative non-real possibilities. My background is in ecological economics, but I started to have broader interests that encompass other fields of knowledge. However, instead of an interest in traditional knowledge, I started to study fantastic facts and concepts (fantasy). It is not (only) a literary endeavor, but an attempt to create a new (!?) realm of knowledge aside mathematics, philosophy, and science. I will bring up some themes that can be raised as being of interest to fantastic natural history. By scope or complexity, from mathematics to politics, to aesthetics and art.

magic is everywhere

The mythical fox // Dennis Lehtonen

In Finnish the word for northern lights is ”revontulet” and it directly translates to ”fox fires.” According to the old mythology when it runs along the tundra, the fox’s flaming tail sweeps snowflakes into the sky and the fur scratches the trees, setting the skies on fire. That is how the northern lights are created. 

Earth can be studied like a machine, a very complicated one indeed. In this view, it can be subdivided in many parts, each one a subsystem that can also be interpreted as a machine interconected to many others to form the entire Earth system. One of this parts is the biosphere, and a subsystem of the biosphere refers to human activity. Since human activity can be approached by economics, it is appropriate to talk about economics as part of the entire Earth system, as a piece of the biosphere machinery. This is the view of Ecological Economics.

As it happens to any machine, Earth has to obey the second law of thermodynamics, entropy can only increase with time. And what is the power source of the Earth machine? Easy, the solar radiation. Everything that has ever occurred, occurs, or will occurs could only take place in Earth because of solar radiative energy. Even these lines that I am writing, would not be here if not because the sun shines.

That is why it is so important to be aware of the energy cycles of Earth to understand everything, including economics. Think about it: the energy that powers the device you're using now, and ultimately the brain that is thinking and taking decisions now, every single joule of this energy was once photons leaving the sun towards Earth. Think of this interconnectedness and believe, and worry, and care about Earth, the biosphere, the econosphere and humankind, because everything is One!

South Island, New Zealand